SAP ABAP 740

Manejo de strings

Documentación SAP

character_string = |{ a_numeric_variable }|.
character_string = |This resulted in return code { sy-subrc }|.

LO_OBJECT->STRING2XML( |{ converted_xml }{ xml_row-row_close_tag }| ).

v_var1 = 'Esto es'.
v_var2 = 'un'.
v_var3 = 'String'.
lv_result = v_var1 && v_var2 && v_var3.

[WIDTH     = len]
[ALIGN     = LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|(val)]
[PAD       = c]
[CASE      = RAW|UPPER|LOWER|(val)]
[SIGN      = LEFT|LEFTPLUS|LEFTSPACE|RIGHT|RIGHTPLUS|RIGHTSPACE|(val)]
[EXPONENT  = exp]
[DECIMALS  = dec]
[ZERO      = YES|NO|(val)]
[XSD       = YES|NO|(val)]
[STYLE     =  SIMPLE|SIGN_AS_POSTFIX|SCALE_PRESERVING
             |SCIENTIFIC|SCIENTIFIC_WITH_LEADING_ZERO
             |SCALE_PRESERVING_SCIENTIFIC|ENGINEERING
             |(val)]
[CURRENCY  = cur]
[NUMBER    = RAW|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[DATE      = RAW|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIME      = RAW|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIMESTAMP = SPACE|ISO|USER|ENVIRONMENT|(val)]
[TIMEZONE  = tz]
[COUNTRY   = cty] ...

l_dir = |including a \{ bracket|.
l_dir = |c:\\temp|.  "c:\temp'

TRY.
  WRITE: /   |string|.
  WRITE: /   |{ my_variable }|.
  WRITE: /   |i'm a { my_variable }!|.
  WRITE: /   |i'm number { my_number * 10 }!| .
  WRITE: /   |client 000 is called: | &&
             |{ clients[ mandt = '000' ]-mtext }|.
  WRITE: /   |i'm going to be in upper case: | &&
             |{ my_variable CASE = UPPER }|.
  WRITE: /   |function and formatting:| &&
             | date raw - { my_string->date( ) DATE = RAW }| &&
             | date iso - { my_string->date( ) DATE = ISO }|.
  CATCH cx_root.
ENDTRY.

ld_message = |{ ld_delivery ALPHA = OUT }|.

shift_right && clase cl_abap_string_utilities

DATA(str) = `abc   `.

 DATA(rslt) = str.
 cl_abap_string_utilities=>del_trailing_blanks( CHANGING str = rslt ).

 ASSERT rslt =  shift_right( str ).

Manejo de Tablas

DATA l_pernr TYPE p0001-pernr VALUE '00003019'.

SELECT * INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_p2010) FROM pa2010 WHERE pernr = @l_pernr.

line_exists

IF line_exists( lt_p2010[ pernr = l_pernr begda = '20181101' ] ).
* do something
  WRITE:/ 'Existe'.
ENDIF.

line_index

DATA(l_index) = line_index( lt_p2010[ pernr = l_pernr begda = '20181101' ] ).
WRITE:/ l_index.

Modify the contents based on TABLE-KEY

TRY.
    lt_p2010[ pernr = l_pernr ]-begda = '20200101'.
  CATCH cx_sy_itab_line_not_found.
ENDTRY.

search line

 TRY.
   DATA(ls_p2010) = lt_p2010[ pernr = l_pernr ].
   CATCH cx_sy_itab_line_not_found.
     RETURN.
 ENDTRY.
WRITE:/ ls_p2010-begda.

CORRESPONDING

data lt_p0002 type TABLE OF p0002.

lt_p0002 = CORRESPONDING #( lt_p2010 ).

data(ls_p0002) = lt_p0002[ 1 ].
write:/ ls_p0002-pernr.

    FUNCTION z_rfc_read_id.
*"----------------------------------------------------------------------
*"*"Interfase local
*"  IMPORTING
*"     VALUE(I_ID) TYPE  ZRFCID
*"  TABLES
*"      T_ID     STRUCTURE  ZTABLE
*"      T_RETURN STRUCTURE  ZRETURN
*"      T_RETURN_2 STRUCTURE  ZRETURN_2 OPTIONAL
...
...
...
t_return_2[] = CORRESPONDING #( t_return[] ).
APPEND LINES OF lt_return TO t_return_2.
t_return[] = CORRESPONDING #( t_return_2[] ).

Inicializar tabla

lt_p0002 = VALUE #( ( pernr = l_pernr  begda = sy-datum ) ).

agregar registros a tabla (append)

lt_p0002 = VALUE #( BASE lt_p0002 ( pernr = l_pernr  begda = '20200201' ) ).

FILTER

DATA lt_p0002_s TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF p0002 WITH NON-UNIQUE SORTED KEY pernr COMPONENTS pernr.

lt_p0002_s = VALUE #( ( pernr = l_pernr     begda = '20200201' )
                      ( pernr = '00003020'  begda = '20200301' )
                   ).

DATA(lt_p0002_h) = FILTER #( lt_p0002_s USING KEY pernr WHERE pernr = l_pernr ).

* Create a filter internal table with multiple values
DATA filter_tab TYPE SORTED TABLE OF p0002-pernr
                WITH UNIQUE KEY table_line.

filter_tab = VALUE #( ( l_pernr ) ).

* Apply filters
lt_p0002_h = FILTER #( lt_p0002_s IN filter_tab
                               WHERE pernr = table_line ).

*
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_filter,
         pernr TYPE p0002-pernr,
         begda TYPE p0002-begda,
       END OF ty_filter,
       ty_filter_tab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF ty_filter
                     WITH UNIQUE KEY pernr begda.

DATA(lt_filter_tab) = VALUE ty_filter_tab( ( pernr = l_pernr begda = '20200201' ) ).

DATA lt_p0002_3 TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF p0002.

lt_p0002_3 = VALUE #( ( pernr = l_pernr     begda = '20200201' )
                      ( pernr = '00003020'  begda = '20200301' )
                   ).

clear lt_p0002_h.

lt_p0002_h = FILTER #( lt_p0002_3 IN lt_filter_tab
                   WHERE pernr = pernr  AND begda = begda ).

ejemplo 2

DATA ti_teven TYPE TABLE OF teven.
DATA l_pernr TYPE teven-pernr.

TYPES: BEGIN OF filter,
         pernr TYPE teven-pernr,
       END OF filter,
       filter_tab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF filter
        WITH UNIQUE KEY pernr.

DO 2 TIMES.
  IF sy-index = 1.
    l_pernr = '10000307'.
  ELSE.
    l_pernr = '00000000'.
  ENDIF.

  DATA(filter_tab) = VALUE filter_tab(
      ( pernr = l_pernr ) ).

  SELECT * FROM teven
           INTO TABLE ti_teven
           ORDER BY pernr ldate ltime erdat ertim pdsnr.

  DATA(lt_teven) = FILTER #( ti_teven IN filter_tab
                 WHERE pernr = pernr ) .

ENDDO.

LOOP GROUP BY

• Examples of Grouping with LOOP
• Programa DEMO_LOOP_AT_ITAB_GROUP_BY

VALUE

types ty_ra type RANGE OF vbak-auart.
 data(ra_auart) = VALUE ty_ra(
                               ( low = 'Z1' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' )
                               ( low = 'Z2' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' )
                             ).
  select vbeln into table @data(LT_vbeln) from vbak where auart in @ra_auart.

 DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i. 
 itab = VALUE #( sign = 'I'  option = 'BT' ( low = 1  high = 10 ) 
                                          ( low = 21 high = 30 ) 
                                          ( low = 41 high = 50 ) 
                            option = 'GE' ( low = 61 )  ).

 data ra_ktart TYPE RANGE OF p2006-ktart.
 CASE lw_solicitudes-subty.
   WHEN '0100'.
     ra_ktart = VALUE #( ( low = '01' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' )
                            ( low = '02' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' )                     ).
   WHEN '0300' OR '0301' OR '0309'.
     ra_ktart = VALUE #( ( low = '17' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' ) ).
    WHEN '0901'.
      ra_ktart = VALUE #( ( low = '10' sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' ) ).
 ENDCASE.

• APPEND VALUE

   APPEND VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'A000' ) TO lr_einri.
   APPEND VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'EQ' low = 'C200' ) TO lr_einri.

• VALUE #( BASE

 TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_data2,
           col1 TYPE char1,
           col2 TYPE i,
         END OF ty_data2.

  DATA lt_tabla TYPE TABLE OF ty_data2.
  DATA lt_tabla2 TYPE TABLE OF ty_data2.

  lt_tabla = VALUE #( ( col1 = 'A' col2 = 2 ) ( col1 = 'B' col2 = 11 ) ( col1 = 'A' col2 = 23 ) ).
  LOOP AT lt_tabla INTO DATA(ls_tabla) WHERE col1 = 'A'.
    lt_tabla2 = VALUE #( BASE lt_tabla2 ( ls_tabla ) ).  "APPEND
  ENDLOOP.

Uses BASE to append rows to existing rows in an internal table.

 TYPES itab TYPE TABLE OF string WITH EMPTY KEY. 

 DATA(itab) = 
  VALUE itab( 
    ( `a` ) ( `b` ) ( `c` ) ). 

 ... 

 itab = 
  VALUE #( 
    BASE itab 
    ( `d` ) ( `e` ) ( `f` ) ).

CONV

data: l_dir type char200.
l_dir = 'c:\temp'.
data(l_resp) =  cl_gui_frontend_services=>directory_exist( DIRECTORY = CONV #( l_dir ) ).

DATA l_date_c(8) VALUE '20200205'.

DATA(l_day) = cl_rs_time_service=>get_weekday( i_date = CONV #( l_date_c ) ).
IF l_day > 4.
  WRITE:/ 'Solo lunes a jueves'.
  RETURN.
ENDIF.  

COND

DATA(time) = COND string( WHEN sy-timlo < '120000' THEN |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|
                          WHEN sy-timlo > '120000' THEN |{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM|
                          WHEN sy-timlo = '120000' THEN |High Noon|
                          ELSE 'nada' ).

SWITCH

DATA l_flag TYPE flag.
DATA(l_status) = SWITCH #( l_flag
                             WHEN 'X' THEN 'OK'
                             ELSE 'Error'
                         ).

DATA(l_number) = SWITCH string( sy-index WHEN 1 THEN 'uno'
                                      WHEN 2 THEN 'dos'
                                      WHEN 3 THEN 'tres'
                                      else 'nada' ).

BOOLC

 p_f = boolc( p2001[] is not initial ).

EQUIV

Equiv

SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK bl1.
PARAMETERS p_alv RADIOBUTTON GROUP radi.
PARAMETERS p_csv RADIOBUTTON GROUP radi.

PARAMETERS p_pc AS CHECKBOX.
PARAMETERS p_serv AS CHECKBOX.

SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK bl1.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK bl1.

  IF p_csv = abap_true.
    IF p_pc = abap_false AND p_serv = abap_false.
      MESSAGE 'Debe seleccionar destino de archivo de salida (PC o Servidor)' TYPE 'E'.
    elseIF p_pc = abap_true EQUIV p_serv = abap_true.
      MESSAGE e000(0k) WITH 'Debe elegir solo una opcion'.
    ENDIF.
  ENDIF.

NEW

 DATA g_sol TYPE REF TO cl_sol.
 CREATE OBJECT g_sol
   EXPORTING
     i_iddocumento = p_id
     .

 data(g_sol2) = NEW cl_sol( i_iddocumento = p_id ).

Non-class-based exceptions of the instance constructor cannot be handled, which means that sy-subrc is never set to a value other than 0. The return code sy-subrc is not set when anonymous data objects are created.

OPEN SQL

• SQL Expressions sql_exp
• String Functions
• Demos: DEMO_SQL_*

 
 SELECT FROM pa0002 FIELDS pernr,vorna WHERE gbdat >= '19900101' INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_pernr2).

  SELECT FROM vbrk
          INNER JOIN vbrp
            ON vbrk~vbeln = vbrp~vbeln
        FIELDS vbrk~*,vbrp~posnr,vbrp~matnr
         WHERE fkdat >= '20190101'
        INTO TABLE @DATA(itab).

*ITAB[1]-VBRK-VBELN = '0090156792'

DATA city         TYPE spfli-cityfrom VALUE 'NEW YORK'.
SELECT *
       FROM sflight AS s
       WHERE seatsocc < s~seatsmax AND
             EXISTS ( SELECT  *
                             FROM spfli
                             WHERE carrid   =  s~carrid AND
                                   connid   =  s~connid AND
                                   cityfrom = @city )
       INTO TABLE @DATA(free_flights).

DATA: carr_id TYPE spfli-carrid VALUE 'LH',
      conn_id TYPE spfli-connid VALUE '400'.
SELECT SINGLE city, latitude, longitude
       FROM sgeocity
       WHERE city IN ( SELECT cityfrom
                              FROM spfli
                              WHERE carrid = @carr_id AND
                                    connid = @conn_id )
       INTO (@DATA(city), @DATA(lati), @DATA(longi)).

      SELECT planetype, seatsmax
             FROM  saplane AS plane
             WHERE seatsmax < @wa-seatsmax AND
                   seatsmax >= ALL
                     ( SELECT seatsocc
                              FROM  sflight
                              WHERE carrid = @wa-carrid AND
                              connid = @wa-connid )
             ORDER BY seatsmax
             INTO (@DATA(plane), @DATA(seats)).

    SELECT SINGLE
           FROM demo_expressions
           FIELDS CAST( num1     AS CHAR( 20 ) ) AS col1,
                  CAST( numlong1 AS CHAR( 20 ) ) AS col2,
                  CAST( dec3     AS CHAR( 20 ) ) AS col3,
                  CAST( dats2    AS CHAR( 20 ) ) AS col4
           WHERE id = 'X'
           INTO @DATA(result).

constantes en select list

SELECT carrid, connid, '007' as tipo
       FROM spfli
       INTO  table @DATA(result).

SELECT carrid, connid, @abap_true as tipo
       FROM spfli
       INTO  table @DATA(result).

SELECT carrid, connid, @sy-datum as fecha_ejecucion
       FROM spfli
       INTO  table @DATA(result).

SELECT SINGLE vorna && ' ' && nachn && ' ' && name2 AS nombre_emp, gbdat  
                                                  INTO (@wa-nombre_emp, @wa-gbdat) FROM pa0002 
                                                 WHERE pernr = @pernr AND
                                                       begda <= @sy-datum AND
                                                       endda >= @sy-datum.

CASE

    SELECT SINGLE j~partner, i~rut_pagador, i~total_pagar, i~nom_archivo,
                 CASE i~banco_abon
                   WHEN ' ' THEN i~banco_abon2
                   ELSE i~banco_abon
                 END AS banco
                  INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF @wa_data
                                             FROM zfi_histra_paso AS i INNER JOIN but000 AS j
                                                  ON i~rut_pagador = j~bu_sort2
                                                   INNER JOIN zfi_bp_datos_com AS z
                                                   ON j~partner = z~bp
                                             WHERE i~folio = @g_folio_histra
                                              AND i~rut_pagador IN @s_rut
                                              AND i~nom_archivo LIKE 'A%'
                                              AND j~partner IN @s_bp
                                              AND z~tipo_sucursal = '00' . "#EC CI_SEL_NESTED

SELECT pernr, vorna,
    CASE
      WHEN vorna <> 'Homero' THEN 'MAGIOS'
      ELSE 'NO MAGIOS'
   END AS secta
 FROM pa0002
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_pernr).

CONCAT

SELECT FROM   spfli
       FIELDS CONCAT( CONCAT( carrid , '_' ),
                              CAST( connid AS CHAR ) )  AS key,
              cityto, 1  AS cities
       INTO TABLE @DATA(result).

KEY     CITYTO	        CITIES
LH_0400	NEW YORK 	1
AA_0017	SAN FRANCISCO	1
AZ_0555	FRANKFURT	1

REPORT demo_sql_function_concat.

CLASS demo DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS main.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD main.
    SELECT CONCAT( CONCAT( carrid,
                           LPAD( carrname,21,' ' ) ),
                   LPAD( url,40,' ' ) ) AS line
           FROM scarr
           INTO TABLE @DATA(result).
    cl_demo_output=>display( result ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  demo=>main( ).

SUBSTRING

*PRmmaaRppnnnnnn
*0208020 + aa + mm + nnnnnn
*Ejemplo: PR0720R007188233 se convierte en 02080202007188233
  SELECT concat( '0208020', ( concat( substring( xblnr,5,2 ), ( concat( substring( xblnr,3,2 ), ( substring( xblnr,10,6 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) AS folio
                        FROM bsis
                       WHERE bukrs EQ @g_bukrs
                         AND xblnr IN @s_xblnr
                AND augdt = '00000000'

   INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @gt_data . 

Literal in SELECT List

 SELECT SINGLE @abap_true
           FROM scarr
           WHERE carrid = @carrier
           INTO @DATA(exists).
      IF exists = abap_true.
        cl_demo_output=>display(
          |Carrier { carrier } exists in SCARR| ).
      ELSE.
        cl_demo_output=>display(
          |Carrier { carrier } does not exist in SCARR| ).
      ENDIF. 

aggregations

* nombre completo empleado
select VORNA && ' ' && nachn as nombre  from pa0002 into table @data(lt_data) where pernr = '10000000'.

*total factura
select netwr + MWSBK as total  from vbrk into table @data(lt_vbrk) UP TO 1 ROWS.

* facturas con total > 1000000
select netwr + MWSBK as total  from vbrk  where netwr + MWSBK > 10000 and waerk = 'CLP'
                                       into table @data(lt_vbrk).

Open SQL - Aggregate Expressions agg_exp

Host Expressions, Use in the WHERE Condition

REPORT demo_select_where_tab_exp.

CLASS demo DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-DATA carriers TYPE HASHED TABLE OF scarr
                  WITH UNIQUE KEY carrid
                  WITH NON-UNIQUE SORTED KEY name COMPONENTS carrname.
    CLASS-METHODS:
      class_constructor,
      main.
ENDCLASS.

CLASS demo IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD main.
    DATA name TYPE scarr-carrname VALUE 'United Airlines'.
    cl_demo_input=>request( CHANGING field = name ).

    SELECT carrid, connid, cityfrom, cityto
           FROM spfli
           WHERE carrid =
             @( VALUE spfli-carrid( carriers[ KEY name
                                              carrname = name ]-carrid
                                              OPTIONAL ) )
           INTO TABLE @DATA(result).

    cl_demo_output=>display( result ).
  ENDMETHOD.
  METHOD class_constructor.
    SELECT *
           FROM scarr
           INTO TABLE carriers.
  ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.
START-OF-SELECTION.
  demo=>main( ).

ABAP SQL Indicator structure (ABAP 7.55 (or) S/4HANA 2020)

UPDATE dbtab, set indicators

TYPES wa TYPE sflight WITH INDICATORS ind.

DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF wa WITH EMPTY KEY.

SELECT carrid, connid, fldate, price
       FROM sflight
       WHERE carrid = char`LH` AND
             connid = numc`0400` AND
             fldate > '20180601'
       INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @itab.

IF sy-subrc  = 0.
  LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<wa>).
    <wa>-price *= '0.8'.
    <wa>-ind-price = 'X'.
  ENDLOOP.

  UPDATE sflight FROM TABLE @itab INDICATORS SET STRUCTURE ind.
ENDIF.

Códigos Varios

DATA(l_day) = cl_rs_time_service=>get_weekday( i_date = sy-datum ).
IF l_day > 4.
  WRITE:/ 'Solo lunes a jueves'.
  RETURN.
ENDIF.   

IF cl_rs_time_service=>get_weekday( i_date = sy-datum ) > 4.
  WRITE:/ 'Solo lunes a jueves'.
  RETURN.
ENDIF.   

********************
DATA(components) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'T100' ) )->components.

Demos

[1] Demos